What condition must be met for effective problem-solving to occur in therapy, based on Gottman's research?

For effective problem-solving to occur in therapy, it is essential that partners remain in a positive emotional state. Gottman's research emphasizes the importance of a safe and supportive environment for couples to navigate their conflicts. When couples maintain a positive emotional state, they are more likely to engage in constructive communication, listen to each other, and collaborate on finding solutions to their problems.

A positive emotional climate fosters empathy and openness, allowing partners to express their feelings without fear of judgment or escalation into negativity. This emotional safety is crucial for successful conflict resolution because it helps prevent defensiveness and promotes mutual understanding.

In contrast, the other conditions listed would not facilitate effective problem-solving. Physical distance may lead to feelings of disconnection, focusing solely on past issues can result in a cycle of blame, and expecting partners to agree on all matters beforehand ignores the natural complexity of relationship dynamics, which involves differing perspectives and negotiations. Thus, maintaining a positive emotional state creates the best foundation for productive problem-solving in therapy.